TREY COCHRAN
Wilton, New Hampshire
Trey is one of the co-authors of Not Our Farm’s worker zine: Guide to Working on Farms
WHAT ARE YOU CURRENTLY DOING? (WHERE HAVE YOU BEEN WORKING, ETC)
So currently I’ve been serving as a vegetable apprentice at a biodymanic farm in Wilton, New Hampshire. It is one of the oldest operating CSAs in United States. We have milk cows and layer chickens and we make cheese on site, too. We follow biodynamic principles of farming. We are focusing on ideas of how to grow in a way that is holistic and focuses on the farm as a whole organism. I’ve been here since last March.
We have a really short growing season here. The last frost goes away in the middle of May and we have until late September. We are growing on about 4 acres. A lot of our properties were leased out by community members in the past. Everything is on slopes. We use hand tools and mechanical cultivation, which is hard to avoid because of how many rocks are here.
I’ve been part time managing the store here and occasionally helping with livestock. With how cold it gets, it’s hard to grow vegetables in the winter without a lot of propane. I am managing the CSA store and going through the root crops. This is a time of still working but also having a period of rest.
I’m currently looking at farms to work in my home state of North Carolina.
HOW LONG HAVE YOU BEEN FARMING?
For me it’s weird because for some experiences I wouldn’t call them whole experiences. My actually growing years are a little bit staggered. I have spent 10 years in agriculture.
I went to a college focused on environmental studies and also a work college. You work on campus to pay tuition. They had a small scale farm. Going through from sophomore to senior year, I worked on the farm there. First, I was general maintenance, setting up fences, weed whacking, lots of weeding. The second year I worked with the pasture poultry crew, and the last year I worked with the cattle crew.
After college, I worked on a certified organic farm and part time at a coop. That was an in-between phase. I did the Peace Corps for two years, but that was not necessarily farming for myself or others, it was more in a volunteer role, with that I was in a village area for two years. My title was Agroforestry Extension Agent and I focused on how to bring trees into farming practices, conservation agriculture, ways of developing better soil fertility methods, gardening methods, developing better income generating activities.
I served in Arkansas for a year for Food Corps and worked in school districts, teaching gardening, better nutrition, and better food systems in our school.
I worked on a hydroponic farm in Tennessee in culinary herbs for two years, and now I’m at where I’m at now.
WHAT INITIALLY BROUGHT YOU TO THE FIELDS?
I didn’t grow up in a farming experience.
I have autism. Growing up I didn’t have a focus or special trade that was I was focusing on. Growing up was having tantrums or being really sensitive or trying to find an outlet if I was angry, or trying to connect with people.
During my high school years, my dad started a non-profit farm. It was a sustainable farm that focused on providing a living for people with developmental disabilities. They get to be part of a larger community or shared work. I would want to say that was one of my first steps getting into farming, and even going to college, while I was interested in animals and the idea of it, I didn’t understand the full scope of why I wanted to go into farming.
In college, focusing on environmental studies and ag, it was also having attention of detail to work, the idea of tillage and cover cropping. I had never been around it before. The idea that working is not just going somewhere and weed-whacking, but that there is a specific way of doing things. That’s where I got a lot of work ethic from. Understanding farm management even kind of still at a student level, which was tough for me to grasp for awhile.
For people on the spectrum, there is this idea of being sort of sensitive. Especially in a farming environment, things are fast paced and you have to make decisions quickly and think long term and deal with good days and bad days. It was difficult to adapt to at first. But then I got to see things in patterns. I had a lot of anxiety and depression in the past, and putting my hands in soil was very tangible and started to make me feel at peace.
It gave me a place to be really creative. How to shape beds or plan out the rest of the season or how many different crops I want to grow, how to manage certain pest problems. There is so much creativity.
And working in a community driven environment, understanding the importance of community.
When I did the Peace Corps for two years, it was sustainable agriculture, but it’s difficult when you’re in a place that is no- tech. In Zambia, double digging. When you work in a culture that is strung together by monoculture, there is a lot of skewed outreach where we want to fix a problem, but just throw money at it, and don’t think about how to approach these things long term. It was difficult to grow. They were very arid areas. We would start a nursery and kids would burn it down or the village would steal my plants. I’m keeping this in mind while also keeping my privilege in check. The answers and questions canceled in my head to where I mentally gave up. I came out of that experience with a lot of depression.
I wanted to get into something where I could grow again. I went into the Food Corps. It was the first experience where I could manage an area again, 30,000 sq feet of growing space and greenhouses, a sizeable garden area, school gardens. I redesigned the greenhouse, deep mulched everything, got the compost ready, all in a teaching setting.
Management and teaching are so valuable, but it’s easy for them to be really separate. Sometimes you’re a better manager than a teacher. I felt like a better manager than a teacher. What were the needs for the schools? Sometimes you get caught up with doing it for yourself rather than the people you’re serving. It was an empowering experience but at the same time frustrating. It felt like I was doing the work on my own.
I thought I was going to work on a small scale farm in Tennessee, and the owners worked for Mars Candy Company in Russia. They bought this hydroponic farm. It was very different from what I expected. The biggest thing for me was that the farm had this big grey line, growing systems with a lot of the pipes and had salt built up for so long, everything you were growing in there would have pests or deficiencies. The scale was so massive, they were already selling to Cisco. A lot of the work was undocumented labor, they paid a little bit better than your typical conventional farm. I didn’t come in with a mentor or with shared values. The experience was that I was really exploited, doing work that was meant for at least 10 people, working in 100 degree greenhouses, constantly bending other channels, constantly undermined. I really pushed for long term planning, but when you work for people who come from a background of producing chocolate, they think hydroponic is a quick way to grow plants, it makes it hard for the planning process.
It was so disconnected from the soil, I wasn’t seeing changing of landscapes for the year. I didn’t feel like I was growing for a community or growing as a person. It wasn’t that connection with that work that I wanted to do.
WHY HAVE YOU CHOSEN TO FARM FOR SOMEONE ELSE (NOW OR IN THE PAST?)
Coming to this experience, as much as I wasn’t enjoying my previous farm job, I jumped into it not equipped to be a manager. I wasn’t farming for the joy for it. I wasn’t farming for the sake of things I enjoyed like working with the land. Even at the apprentice level now, I needed to be in a place where I had the value of farming.
Did I have the right experiences in the past?
I am getting back to a place where I want to work a full growing year with a diverse number of veggies, and work at a place with good mentors. You can take for granted the role of a good mentor in farming, but I have not had that in a lot of my previous farming experiences.
When you feel disconnected from the work and not being part of community, you’re not learning. I had to go to a place where I’m not looking for the best mentors or best in the trade, but for people who emphasize the place to learn and are accountable for their own actions, as well. Going back to this was to reinvigorate that love of farming for me.
At this point now, I don’t feel the shame around should I be going somewhere farther with my experience? I got to learn a lot this year. I feel a lot more comfortable. It’s fun to search for other farms, learning about production, CSA approaches, how they have their own way of systems thinking.
My goal is to have my own farm, but at this point it’s trying to gain as much experience as I can and have a better idea of how I want to farm.
As much as we talk to our friends about starting a farm together, how can we find people who are really invested? I’m scared to be in a position where people trust me to manage something. I need to know how to run that.
I want to get back to having the passion for farming again. 2020 is one of the best years I’ve had in a long time. Having a community that supports you and cares for you and makes you love the work again.
WHAT ARE SOME ISSUES FOR FARMERS WORKING ON SOMEONE ELSE'S FARM - ISSUES THAT YOU'VE WITNESSED OR EXPERIENCED?
Especially this year, we had someone who took over the vegetable production. The other farmer had been farming the farm for 30 years. There are always going to be learning differently, but they will have their set system. How I seed lettuce, how I make compost, etc. Sometimes there is a tendency to only feel comfortable if you handle everything. There is no room to allow apprentices to influence those decisions or bring their own experiences.
If I don’t do it the way my manager wants, it seems like I’ve never done it before.
As much as we have to be adaptable in our practices, there is the idea that if the system works, no need to fix it. It can be tough to go from one farm and be religious about what you’ve worked on at one farm. It can be challenging if you’re trying to think out of the box.
Maybe I just like to only use hand tools and not drive a tractor, but here, you have to drive a tractor. It’s a hard thing to balance.
Farmers should be in a place where they feel empowered and I think it’s very difficult when we have titles of apprentices or farm manager.
On Linkded-In if I put in farmer, it’s looked at in a conventional way with specific skill sets, it always has to fit into the margins of how you run a farm business.
The biggest thing was that I was at a farm that wasn’t a healthy farm to work at. If I identified that there was an aphid problem or a deficiency, spraying is a last minute measure, but they just ask you to spray. They are asking you to spray once or twice a week. There was no way to explain how it works, that you can’t spray in hot weather. It was just that you have to follow what they do. I was in an environment working with a lot of flip-flopping decisions.
They want you to make things better, but they don’t provide that space for you. They don’t want to allocate money for bringing in cover crops or improving soil fertility. They buy 9 caterpillar tunnels with no long term goals.
They talk about transparency, but down play your value a lot. I came in wanting to be paid a wage that was fair for everyone, but was in a place where I was stuck. I was working more for less. I was told to scale production and I have all this cilantro , but they have cilantro coming in from California so I threw away 160 lbs of cilantro because it was past the harvest date. If they see that the seeding area is not full, they imagine that production is not moving. It got very difficult to work with these different dynamics, working at a place where a scale is already established.
I was constantly being undermined. People say they provide bigger opportunities for farming, but then there is the lack of transparency and respect for the work that you do, and disconnection from the amount of work that you put into it.
CAN YOU TELL ME THE QUALITIES OF A DREAM FARM NOT LEADING TO OWNERSHIP - THAT YOU WOULD WANT TO WORK ON?
A dream farm for me emphasizes diversity, not just the amount of crops, but a place where there is a focus on respecting biodiversity and stewardship for the land. A farm that is community driven and creating space where people feel like they are learning and empowered in their own way to learn a wide array of skills.
It’s good to have systems that are complex, but you’re taking care of a lot of different things and taking things one step at a time, slowly building on as you go.
“For people on the spectrum, there is this idea of being sort of sensitive. Especially in a farming environment, things are fast paced and you have to make decisions quickly and think long term and deal with good days and bad days. It was difficult to adapt to at first. But then I got to see things in patterns. I had a lot of anxiety and depression in the past, and putting my hands in soil was very tangible and started to make me feel at peace.”
WHAT KEEPS YOU COMING BACK?
I think for me it’s a place that I get to feel a sense of belonging. I feel like being in a place where everything is tangible. All the things that you get to see and observe and see them in patterns. The role that soil has for keeping crops healthy. The roles that we can play in terms of climate change and food access. We get to play a bigger role in the world than we think. A place where I get to feel at peace and that I feel like I’m part of something.
For the longest time, I felt like I had nothing to bring. Before college, not having a specific dream in mind and having a hard time connecting with people. The fact that with farming it gets to connect me with a community and I get to work with people, it’s kind of like raising a family, it’s the same thing with the people you work with.
I enjoy growing. The taste of kale after first frost. I enjoy growing for people and seeing the joy of what growing nutrient dense food does for people.
At work, that makes me feel that I’m a better human being for it and that I can continue to grow for myself.
WHAT IS YOUR TAKE ON THE DIFFERENCE (IF ANY) BETWEEN A FARMER AND A "FARM WORKER"/"FARM EMPLOYEE" BESIDES PROPRIETORSHIP?
With being a farmer, it’s thought that you have your own land and you’re managing production.
It’s very difficult because whether you’re an apprentice or not, it’s not just about owning, it’s also the values of what you want in a farm.
DO YOU CALL YOURSELF A FARMER? WHY OR WHY NOT.
I do, but I feel like I’m in a place where I’m constantly relearning things. One thing I like about being a farmer, it’s not a job that you fully perfect. You can always have a bad growing year no matter how much experience you have.
I like to consider myself a farmer at the same time with how much I still need to learn with running my own operation and other aspects of farm management. I have a long way to go before I feel comfortable living up to that title.
WHAT KIND OF SUPPORT WOULD BE HELPFUL FOR PEOPLE WORKING ON FARMS NOT THEIR OWN?
Mental health. This one person started a hotline for farmers who were either experiencing depression or isolation in their work.
The idea of needing to be productive.
There is frustration when you’re not in a position of being a leader, that you don’t have any skills, or that you don’t feel like you’re rooted in one area. It’s hard finding a place to live while focusing on the farm and not being paid a living wage.
It’s hard when you’re trying to make it a learning experience, but stuck in a system that doesn’t allow that. You need to try to be okay with not getting security that you’d get from a conventional job.
We kind of come and go on farms, it’s good to think about small farmers, to keep up the momentum for what they do.
We need equity when it comes to pay, gender roles in farming, how to stand up for yourself.
WHAT IS YOUR OPINION/TAKE ON THE FARMER LUNCH? (DO YOU TAKE LUNCH, DO YOU SKIP LUNCH, DO YOU ENJOY TAKING LUNCH WITH YOUR CREW - FOR COMMUNITY BUILDING, IS THERE PRESSURE TO BE SOCIAL....)
This past year, I had a two hour lunch. That felt initially like too much time. A lot can happen in two hours. At the beginning of the year, I was trying to find things to keep busy. At peak season, all the apprentices rush into the kitchen, it’s a lot. I would take a nap for an hour and then when kitchen was open, I’d have my meal.
During peak season I tend to eat a lot lighter.
I do enjoy the idea of farmer lunch, having a space that even if you talk about what happened today at work, you can keep the farm work on the side and enjoy the food that is grown on the farm. Having space to connect right there.